Foundations are the base of a structure on which stands the entire edifice of the building. But since they are not visible, they are not paid the attention they deserve. They are mostly looked into only when there is a problem. And foundation problems are difficult to cater to. Therefore, why not build an appropriate and a strong foundation in the beginning only, so that we can reap multiple benefits till the structure is alive. In this post we understand different types of home foundations so that we can make a wise decision.
Full or Daylight basement foundation
A full basement more or less matches the perimeter of the structure above it. It extends below the ground level and may lack natural light which enters the basements through small windows near the ground area. They are deeply dug allowing for a standing room and a concrete slab. Daylight basements are a variation of this type. These basements are constructed on the sloped terrains where, on one side full sized windows can also be built. Therefore, Daylight basements increase the amount of natural light in the basements. These basements, Full or Daylight basements can be finished to convert it into separate rooms or usable spaces. But they are expensive to build and maintain. These basements are often prone to moisture problems and need regular maintenance.
Crawl Space foundation
It has short walls. They are evenly placed in the center, footings, and the perimeter of the house. The walls are so short that one has to crawl to get beneath it. These spaces are well ventilated and prevent moisture build up. But they are often a cause of concern in the areas prone to floods, especially if they are built below the ground level. Crawl Space foundations are less expensive than the full basements as they need lesser excavation and amount of materials to build up. But they cannot be converted into usable spaces because of difficulty in accessibility, high probability of moisture problems, and being prone to pest infestation.
Concrete slab on the grade foundation
“Grade” refers to the ground level and “slab” refers to the concrete slab. Concrete slabs on the grade foundations rest on the ground. The wide footings of these heavy duty concrete slabs are dug deeper into the ground under the slab and neatly disperse the weight of the building above. The construction of the main floor can start right on the top of the slab. These types of foundations are less expensive and provide better protection against termite infestation. But they do not provide any extra living or storage space. The water supply and drainage pipes are also enclosed in the concrete slab. Therefore, in case of any repair work, the concrete slab must be cut to access the pipe's fittings.
Insulated Concrete Form (ICF)
ICF provides a modern approach towards foundation building. They consist of forms made from extruded polystyrene. It interlocks like the children’s building blocks game. They are lighter due to the gaps between the two adjacent foam panels. After placing the panels, these gaps are filled with concrete to integrate them for a stronger foundation. Integrated Concrete Form foundations are easy to install and provide a good protection against outside temperature and sound. They are energy efficient and lead to almost 60% reduction in the usage of heating and cooling systems. Because of their durability, they are also recommended in hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disaster zones. But the blocks used in this form of foundation are expensive. Also, they are not very convenient if some modifications like doors or windows have to be added. It requires demolition of the entire portion of that construction.
Pier foundation
These are just like crawl spaces but do not have masonry perimeter walls like the crawl spaces. Instead, rebars and concrete beams drilled till the bedrock are used to support this structure. They are especially constructed when the top soil is too weak or unstable to support the structure like in coastal regions. These foundations help the structures from sinking and shifting homes due to heavy flooding. But their biggest drawback is that they require regular maintenance and are vulnerable to insects and rodents.
Wood foundation
Wood foundations are less expensive, and easier and quicker to install. Traditionally, cypress, redwood, and cedar wood were used for foundations. But now, pressure treated lumber is preferred because of its availability and affordability. They require little excavation and hardly any drying time. Therefore, wood foundations are ideal for sheds and small buildings. But these cannot bear as much weight as concrete foundations. They also require some barrier like concrete blocks or gravel as a rot resistant barrier. Their biggest disadvantage is that they eventually start degrading and attract pests.
Stone foundation
Stone foundations give the classic look of traditional foundations. They are no longer used but are still found in old constructions. Stone foundations consist of stones bound together with mortar between the stones and on its top. They require waterproofing to prevent mortar from degrading and affecting the structural integrity of the wall. Since naturally stones are uneven, there might be gaps between them making a home for rodents and other insects.
Decisions about which type of foundation would suit your construction are technical and tricky. They are best handled by professionals. If you are looking for a good foundation construction in San Francisco, contact Ashbury Construction. We have been dedicatedly providing General Contracting and Engineering services in San Francisco for 21 years. We are the proud owners of the required equipment with a full time mechanic to keep the feet rolling. Our goal is to provide you the best job to meet your needs, create value, and enrich the spaces you live in.
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Conclusion
Making decisions about the foundations is the first step to your dream construction. But do you know how many types of foundations you can have? This post explains in brief about different types of foundations:
Full or Daylight basement foundation
Crawl Space foundation
Concrete slab on the grade foundation
Insulated Concrete Form (ICF)
Pier foundation
Wood foundation
Stone foundation
You can have a general idea about the options of different types of foundations. Then decide about an appropriate foundation after consulting professional contractors. Remember, a strong foundation is an investment in the life of your construction, therefore, choose wisely!
Frequently asked questions
What types of home foundations are best?
Basement foundations are better for cold climates and concrete slabs are ideal for warmer climates.
Which is the longest lasting foundation for a house?
Modern constructions use concrete as a primary material in building strong foundations. It is known for its durability and versatility.
Which type of foundation is the cheapest?
Slab foundations are the cheapest.
Which type of foundation requires least maintenance?
Slab foundations require least maintenance.
How to waterproof a foundation?
Install a drain tile system to ensure excess moisture can’t build up in the ground around the foundation.
Apply a vapor barrier to the foundation wall.
How do I choose the right foundation?
Consider the following points while making a decision about the type of foundation. If required, consult a professional.
Soil type: Load bearing capacity of every type of soil is different. Therefore, consider the soil type of your land to choose an appropriate foundation type.
Climate: Choose a foundation that will go with the climatic conditions of your region. Consider the temperature fluctuations, amount of rainfall or snowfall, whether it is coastal region, chances of landslides, or if your region is in the earthquake prone zone.
Water table level: If the water tables in your area are high, the foundations will require proper waterproofing.
Budget: Budget plays a major role in deciding the right type of foundation because every type of foundation differs in the demanded cost.
Local building codes: Local building codes ensure that the safety standards are met while construction as per the specific local conditions. Therefore, adhere to the local building codes.
Future plans: Foundation should be laid after considering future expansion plans or additions.
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